Broadcast Domain

Broadcast domain is very important topic of computer networks, most of the congestion in LAN environment  occurs due to broadcast. If a frame with broadcast address is realize it can be hear by all the connect devices it can be switch, hub or another computer. Broadcast traffic can consume most of the bandwidth in network, sometimes broadcast may occur due to different protocols like ARP,RARP and etc results in heavy congestion. The weakness of single broadcast domain is that device that not intended to read the frame must accept, faulty NIC card or other device can replicate the frames all over the network and possible change is that network can be choked down.

Loopback is other common problem down the network, no physical and datalink device can stop the broadcast because of single broadcast domain. VLAN concept came to resolve broadcast problem, VLAN divide the switch in logical boundaries, each VLAN have a separate broadcast domain, Broadcast of one VLAN cannot enter into other VLAN. Router can’t forward second layer device broadcast.

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